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Stigma Against Mental Illness Is Built Into Health Care System
http://www.kpbs.org/news/2018/jan/04/stigma-mental-illness-built-in-health-care-system/
Stigma Against Mental Illness Is Built Into Health Care System
Editor’s note: This is the second of a three-part series.
Thursday, January 4, 2018
When Kerry Martin was in graduate school at Harvard, she was deeply troubled. She was suffering from bipolar disorder. She was struggling with her sexuality.
To make matters worse, her mother had recently attempted suicide.
One day, Martin worked up her courage and made an appointment at Harvard’s Mental Health clinic.
“And I went in, and I met with a woman who was just getting her degree, I guess,” Martin remembered. “And I just poured my heart out to her. I said, ‘here’s what’s going on with me, my family. I think I’m gay. I’m having a real hard time with this.’”
But people with serious mental health challenges are sometimes considered to be different, dangerous or even beyond help. That same kind of stigma against mental illness can exist in our health care system, too.
Part One: For Those With Mental Illness, Battling Stigma Is First Step In Getting Help
When Martin got back to her apartment later that day, the therapist called her on the phone.
“And she says to me, ‘Kerry, I can’t help you.’ And I just kind of like, what? And she’s like, ‘I can’t help you’. And I was gonna have to ring somebody else. I’m like, I thought to myself, I’m beyond help.”
Martin felt hopeless. A few months later, she tried to kill herself.
Her roommate found her and called an ambulance.
Kerry Martin, founder of Hope Xchange, is shown on July 12, 2017.
Martin remembers being in the emergency room, writhing around on a gurney, while a nurse was trying to stick a tube down her throat.
“The nurse said to me, ‘Lay still, you did this to yourself.’ And I will never, ever forget that comment,” Martin said. “It’s like, you want compassion. Yes, I did this to myself, I guess I did. But at that moment, that’s the last thing I wanted to hear.”
Today, Martin runs the nonprofit Hope Xchange. It’s a phone and text-based service that focuses on preventing suicide in the LGBTQ community and in people with bipolar disorder.
Martin tries to provide the kind of support and compassion she wished she would have gotten years ago.
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Belittled and dismissed
It’s not unusual for people with a mental illness to say they’ve felt belittled and dismissed by health care providers.
Some believe there’s a certain degree of stigma against mental illness built into the health care system.
Dr. Michael Plopper is medical director at Sharp Mesa Vista Hospital in Kearny Mesa, the largest private mental health facility in Southern California.
He said Medicare, for example, has a lifetime cap on the number of days a person can stay in a psychiatric hospital.
“Whereas, that’s not true for physical health. So still, to this day, Medicare discriminates in that way,” Plopper said.
Then there’s a federal policy called the IMD exclusion.
It prohibits fee-for-service Medicaid programs from covering inpatient care in free-standing mental health facilities like Sharp Mesa Vista.
“So what that does is, creates a logjam for these people, it creates problems in access to care for people with Medicaid,” Plopper said. “And so that’s a federal discriminatory law.”
Photo credit: Katie Schoolov
Judi Holder, an administrator with RI International, is shown Aug. 23, 2017.
Low expectations
Judi Holder is an administrator with RI International, an agency that provides peer-support services for people with mental health challenges.
Years ago, Holder was in psychiatric care herself. When she was diagnosed with borderline personality disorder, she was faced with a life of lowered expectations.
“I was basically told that it was important that I accept the fact that I was ill, accept the fact that that was who I was now, and told that I could never work again,” Holder recalled.
Holder remembers feeling worthless.
“Being told to kind of accept this new life, where there were no responsibilities, no expectations, was almost worse than the mental health challenges I was experiencing,” Holder said.
Her breakthrough came when she took a peer support class. The teacher had suffered from severe mental illness but was high functioning and fully employed.
“There was certainly a lot of doubt on my part,” Holder remembered. “But there was just that tiny glimmer of hope that said, maybe that can happen for me, too.”
Holder said there are plenty of caring and competent mental health providers. But she believes if all they see are severely troubled people, they just don’t expect people to get well.
“And so, in order to look past that, you have to be open to the perspective that what you see is not all there is,” she said
For Those With Mental Illness, Battling Stigma Is First Step In Getting Help
For Those With Mental Illness, Battling Stigma Is First Step In Getting Help
http://www.kpbs.org/news/2018/jan/03/stigma-mental-illness-part-one/
Nearly one out of five Americans suffer from it. But that hasn’t prevented the stigma of mental illness from being a powerful and damaging force.
Editor’s note: This is the first of a three-part series.
Wednesday, January 3, 2018
Evan Hilliard had a tough childhood.
His father died when Hilliard was seven. He remembers having his first thoughts of suicide shortly after that.
At age 13, Hilliard spent a month-and-a-half in a psychiatric hospital.
When Hilliard got out, he didn’t tell his classmates where he had been.
“And that was because of stigma, ’cause I didn’t want to be labeled,” Hilliard recalled. “It’s already hard to fit into school, so I didn’t want any other hardships with that.”
Nearly one out of five Americans suffer from mental illness. But that hasn’t prevented the stigma of mental illness from being a powerful and damaging force.
Hilliard was initially diagnosed with depression. Then bipolar disorder. Then schizoaffective disorder. But he never talked about it.
Hilliard was hospitalized in 2011 for the fifth time. When he was released, he decided not to keep his condition secret anymore.
Evan Hilliard, who’s suffered from mental illness for much of his life, is shown on Aug. 1, 2017.
“I just didn’t want to die without anybody knowing who I was,” Hilliard said. “And I felt like I was on the road to killing myself. I was thinking about killing myself just about every single day since I was nine.”
Stigma is destructive
The stigma of mental illness is a destructive force. It prevents people from admitting they have a problem. That stigma also prevents people from seeking help. And it can increase the pain experienced by those who are struggling to get well.
Michelle Ahkoi, who has bipolar disorder, believes the mental illness stigma is everywhere, especially in the media.
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“The media portrays us as like crazy people, or we’re gonna hurt you,” she said. “And sometimes, yes, we go through hospitalizations, or things that are a little intense, like my manic episodes, but I don’t hurt people.”
Mental illness equals violence?
Yet many Americans equate mental illness with violence.
For example, after the November mass shooting at a Texas church, President Trump said guns weren’t the problem.
“I think mental health was the problem here,” Trump said at a press conference. “This was, based on preliminary reports, a very deranged individual.”
Dr. Michael Plopper, medical director at Sharp Mesa Vista Hospital, is shown, June 23, 2015.
Dr. Michael Plopper, medical director at Sharp Mesa Vista Hospital, the largest private mental health facility in Southern California, said Trump’s language was way off base.
““I think that that is very stigmatizing,” he said, referring to the president’s remarks. “So, we’re having to overcome that type of rhetoric.”
Plopper believes when it comes to violence and mental illness, people need to get a reality check.
“So there’s this misbelief that people with mental illness are more prone to be violent. There’s a very small percentage of people with very specific type of disorders in which that can be true,” he said. “But the vast majority of people with all types of mental illness, from minor to severe, are not violent people.”
Dr. Jim Dunford, professor emeritus of emergency medicine at UC San Diego School of Medicine, said despite the advances in awareness and treatment, there’s a persistent notion that mental illness is a moral failing.
“There is a continuing belief on the part of some people that you’re weak, right? The old theory was that you had to cope with these things on your own,” Dunford said.
As Evan Hilliard explained it, for most of his life, that kind of stigma made him feel terrible.
“I felt like I couldn’t be myself, I felt like I couldn’t be vulnerable with other people, I felt like I couldn’t be authentic,” he said.
Acceptance
Today, Hilliard works as a peer support specialist at a local nonprofit agency.
He’s also on the board of the nonprofit Impact Young Adults. The group’s mission is to encourage young people with mental health challenges to reach out, make friends, and socialize.
Impact Young Adults believes mental illnesses are chronic conditions like diabetes or hypertension. And just like those disorders, mental illnesses need to be properly treated and managed.
In other words, mental illnesses are medical conditions – they’re not a sign of weakness.
Now that he’s accepted his condition, Hilliard has stopped concealing it, and he’s trying to take an active role in fighting stigma.
“I think it’s important to show people what mental illness really looks like, so that we don’t label people without understanding what’s going on,” Hilliard explained. “And I just want to help. I know for a long time I was suffering. And I know many other people are suffering, too.”